Mouse Gremlin 1 / GREM1 Protein (His Tag)

Cktsf1b1,Drm,Grem,ld

100ug (NPP1303) Please inquiry

Catalog Number	P50016-M08B
Organism Species	Mouse
Host	Baculovirus-Insect Cells
Synonyms	Cktsf1b1,Drm,Grem,ld
Molecular Weight	The recombinant mouse GREM1 consists of 171 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 19.7 kDa. The recombinant protein migrates as an approximately 25 kDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.
predicted N	Lys 25
SDS-PAGE
Purity	> 97 % as determined by SDS-PAGE
Protein Construction	A DNA sequence encoding the mouse GREM1 (O70326) (Met1-Asp184) was fused with a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus.
Bio-activity	Measured by its ability to inhibit recombinant human BMP4-induced alkaline phosphatase production by MC3T3-E1 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is typically 1-7 μg/mL in the presence of 50 ng/mL of recombinant human BMP4.
Research Area	Developmental Biology \|Organogenesis \|Skeletal development \|Bone
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile 20mM Tris, 500mM NaCl, pH 7.4, 10% gly, 0.5mM EDTA, 3mM DTT 1. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween80 are added as protectants before lyophilization. Specific concentrations are included in the hardcopy of COA.
Background	GREM1 belongs to the DAN family. It contains 1 CTCK (C-terminal cystine knot-like) domain. GREM1 is a cysteine knot-secreted protein and acts as an inhibitor in the TGF beta signaling pathway. It inhibits BMP-2, -4, and -7. Inhibition by grem 1 of BMPs in mice allow the expression of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 4 and 8 and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) which are necessary for proper limb development. It interacts with SLIT1 and SLIT2 in a glycosylation-dependent manner. As a cytokine, GREM1 may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. It down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. It also acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. GREM1 is highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon.
Reference	Dimitrov BI, et al. (2010) Genomic rearrangements of the GREM1-FMN1 locus cause oligosyndactyly, radio-ulnar synostosis, hearing loss, renal defects syndrome and Cenani--Lenz-like non-syndromic oligosyndactyly. J Med Genet. 47(8):569-74. Heron M, et al. (2011) Genetic variation in GREM1 is a risk factor for fibrosis in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Tissue Antigens. 77(2):112-7. van Vlodrop IJ, et al. (2010) Prognostic significance of Gremlin1 (GREM1) promoter CpG island hypermethylation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Am J Pathol. 176(2):575-84.